Facing the Tide
The publication titled Facing the Tide: Understanding and Countering the Illiberal Populist Surge was issued by the Hungarian Europe Society in January 2026.
Responsible for publication:
István Hegedűs, Chairman, Hungarian Europe Society
Editors: István Hegedűs, Erik Uszkiewicz
Graphics: Réka Elekes
Manuscript completed on 9 January 2026
All rights reserved. ©Authors. ©Editors.
ISBN 978-615-82312-2-0
Published by
Magyarországi Európa Társaság
Hungarian Europe Society
H-1052 Budapest, Gerlóczy utca 11.
The “Facing the Tide: Understanding and Countering the Illiberal Populist Surge” project was supported by the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom.
The Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom is not responsible for the content of this publication, or for any use that may be made of it. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) alone. These views do not necessarily reflect those of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction_5
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HOW DANGEROUS ARE ILLIBERAL POPULISTS FOR LIBERAL DEMOCRACY?
ISTVÁN HEGEDŰS: How to Fight Back - Facing the Tide: Understanding and Countering the Illiberal Populist Surge_7
FEDERIGO ARGENTIERI: Forza Italia: Depopulistisation, La Lega: Putinisation, Fratelli d’Italia: Defascistisation. An analysis of changing identities in Italy’s ruling coalition _13
MILA MOSHELOVA: The New Political Calendar of (Il)Liberals in Post-Socialist Europe_21
YANNIS KARAMITSIOS: Europe’s Crossroads: Federalist Unity or Nationalist Fragmentation?_29
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THE FUTURE OF LIBERAL DEMOCRACY: OPTIMISM VERSUS PESSIMISM
VOLODYMYR DUBOVYK: Fighting Illiberalism and Populism in the Shadow of Russia’s War Against Ukraine_37
FANNI BÁRSONY & ERIK USZKIEWICZ: Creative Civil Resistance in Illiberal and Authoritarian Regimes_41
KRISTÓF GÁSPÁR: Political Innovation under Pressure: Innovation Experiments in Hungary after the 2024 European Elections_52
ZSOLT ENYEDI: The Gravitational Pull behind the Illiberal International_59
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